之前黑群晖都是用物理机,各种调参数。实测还是虚拟机用黑群晖更舒服。

本社区版qemu虚拟化黑群晖已经稳定运行2星期没有宕机,理论上可以永久使用了。

本教程内容比较枯燥,看本教程之前需要对虚拟化有个大概的印象,不然建议还是实体机折腾。

准备

1.根据教程编译最新的qemu5.0.


2.了解到二进制文件路径为:/usr/libexec/qemu-system-x86_64
3.了解当前编译的qemu的machine

[root@node01 qemu]# /usr/libexec/qemu-system-x86_64  -machine help
Supported machines are:
microvm              microvm (i386)
pc                   Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996) (alias of pc-i440fx-5.0)
pc-i440fx-5.0        Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996) (default)

4.获取引导镜像:DS3615xs+LSI阵列卡_7.0.1-42218(引导文件).img,这个可以前往各论坛获取,后面我会编译驱动再进行描述。
5.创建文件夹,将引导移入该文件夹,重命名为boot.img,储存路径为/qemu/ds3615/boot.img
6.准备unraid生成的xml配置,对其进行修改。

下面的配置文件需要根据你的实际情况进行修改

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<domain type='kvm' id='12'>
  <name>ds3615</name>
  <memory unit='GiB'>8</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='GiB'>8</currentMemory>
  <memoryBacking>
    <nosharepages/>
  </memoryBacking>
  <vcpu placement='static'>8</vcpu>
  <iothreads>4</iothreads>
  <cputune>
    <vcpupin vcpu='0' cpuset='4'/>
    <vcpupin vcpu='1' cpuset='12'/>
    <vcpupin vcpu='2' cpuset='5'/>
    <vcpupin vcpu='3' cpuset='13'/>
    <vcpupin vcpu='4' cpuset='6'/>
    <vcpupin vcpu='5' cpuset='14'/>
    <vcpupin vcpu='6' cpuset='7'/>
    <vcpupin vcpu='7' cpuset='15'/>
  </cputune>
  <resource>
    <partition>/machine</partition>
  </resource>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-5.0'>hvm</type>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
    <apic/>
  </features>
  <cpu mode='host-passthrough' check='none' migratable='on'>
    <topology sockets='1' dies='1' cores='4' threads='2'/>
    <cache mode='passthrough'/>
  </cpu>
  <clock offset='utc'>
    <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
    <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
    <timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
  </clock>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>restart</on_crash>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-system-x86_64</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='writeback'/>
      <source file='/qemu/ds3615/boot.img' index='0'/>
      <backingStore/>
      <target dev='hdz' bus='usb'/>
      <boot order='1'/>
      <alias name='usb-disk2'/>
      <address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='writeback'/>
      <source file='/qemu/ds3615/vdisk1.raw' index='1'/>
      <backingStore/>
      <target dev='hda' bus='scsi'/>
      <alias name='scsi0-0-0-3'/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='writeback'/>
      <source file='/qemu/ds3615/vdisk2.raw' index='2'/>
      <backingStore/>
      <target dev='hdb' bus='sata'/>
      <alias name='sata0-0-4'/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x7'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      <master startport='0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      <master startport='2'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      <master startport='4'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='scsi' index='0' model='virtio-scsi'>
      <alias name='scsi0'/>
      <driver iothread='4'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'>
      <alias name='pci.0'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='sata' index='0'>
      <alias name='sata0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>
      <alias name='virtio-serial0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='bridge'>
      <mac address='00:11:32:12:34:56'/>
      <source bridge='br0'/>
      <target dev='vnet2'/>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <alias name='net0'/>
      <driver name='vhost' txmode='iothread' ioeventfd='on' event_idx='off' queues='4'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/2'/>
      <target type='isa-serial' port='0'>
        <model name='isa-serial'/>
      </target>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/2'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/2'/>
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </console>
    <channel type='unix'>
      <source mode='bind' path='/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/channel/target/domain-12-dsm3615/org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/>
      <target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0' state='disconnected'/>
      <alias name='channel0'/>
      <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </channel>
    <input type='tablet' bus='usb'>
      <alias name='input0'/>
      <address type='usb' bus='0' port='2'/>
    </input>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'>
      <alias name='input1'/>
    </input>
    <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'>
      <alias name='input2'/>
    </input>
    <graphics type='vnc' port='5902' autoport='yes' websocket='5702' listen='0.0.0.0' keymap='en-us'>
      <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
    </graphics>
    <video>
      <model type='vmvga' vram='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
      <alias name='video0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <alias name='balloon0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
  </devices>
  <seclabel type='dynamic' model='dac' relabel='yes'>
    <label>+0:+100</label>
    <imagelabel>+0:+100</imagelabel>
  </seclabel>
</domain>

7.创建硬盘,一块1T主硬盘,一块100G备用

qemu-img create -f raw vdisk1.raw 1024G
qemu-img create -f raw vdisk2.raw 120G

使用

部署

由于本引导无法驱动virtio-blk,以及第二块virtio-scsi的smart信息无法欺骗,因此换成了sata模式。(群晖不支持第二个硬盘使用另一个scsi控制器)

virsh define ds3615-scsi+sata.xml
virsh start ds3615

120G硬盘在前面,为备用硬盘,用来扩容。
1T硬盘在后面,为主数据盘。

扩容

将使用120G作为中转,理论上可以用群晖的无损迁移功能,但我没试过,因此我不在这里误人子弟了。

测试硬盘性能

volume1/ 是virtio-scsi
volume2/ 是sata

ash-4.4# dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=1M count=10240 oflag=direct
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 149.063 s, 72.0 MB/s
ash-4.4# cd ../
ash-4.4# cd volume
volume1/ volume2/ 
ash-4.4# cd volume2/
ash-4.4# dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=1M count=10240 oflag=direct
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 234.938 s, 45.7 MB/s

90G文件用时
virtio-scsi+4队列:群晖smb读4分0秒-4分19秒 群晖smb写:3分42秒-4分08秒 (不稳定)
virtio-scsi:群晖smb读4分02秒-5分15秒 群晖smb写 3分11秒-3分26秒 (稳定不动)
sata 群晖smb读:4分0秒-5分27秒-3分59秒 群晖smb写:2分39秒-3分04秒-3分41秒 (稳定上升)

因此我原计划是使用sata控制器,但实际使用过程中,sata控制器可能会出现故障导致虚拟机死机,因此我后面又取消为只使用scsi控制器。

注意

使用社区版qemu5.0的sata控制器,可能会导致黑群晖dsm7.0.1出现故障

使用virsh console ds3615 --safe报错:

sata控制器报错

[268833.033777] cdb[0]=0x28: 28 00 00 07 fc 40 00 00 08 00
[268833.035301] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/33
[268833.036769] ata1.00: cmd c8/00:08:50:fc:07/00:00:00:00:00/e0 tag 22 dma 4096 in
[268833.036769]          res 41/04:08:50:fc:07/00:00:00:00:00/e0 Emask 0x1 (device error)
[268833.038737] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[268833.039760] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/33
[268833.041531] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[268833.041839] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda]
[268833.042134] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[268833.043146] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/33

搜索exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0,与sata控制器出错的问题强相关。
因此建议平常使用还是用virtio-scsi


参考:
【11月1日更新DS3615阵列卡驱动】黑群晖DS918和DS3615的7.X引导

最后修改:2021 年 11 月 13 日
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